Machine for spreading bituminous mixtures



Feb-"24, l931. G. H. PERKINS ET AL 1,794,317

I v MACHINE FOR SPREDFNG BITUMINOUS MIXTURES Filed Jan. 1.7', 1929 v sheets-sheet 1 il Il..

RM. l

T l i1 RE Fb- 24, l931- 6. H. PERKINS ET AL y 1,794,317

MACHINE SPREDING :BITUMINOUS MIXTURESv .l Filed Jan. 17, 1929 7 sheets-sheet ,2

Feb- 24,1931. G. H. PERKINS E'r ALv y v 1,794,317

'MACHINE FOR SPBE-ADING BI'IiUMINOUS MIXTURES Filed Jan.- 17, 1929 7 sheets-sheet' s MQMW 'Wam

Feb. 24, 1931 .A G. H. PERKINS E'r AL 1,794,317

' MACHINE FOR SPREADING BITUMINOUS'MIXTURES Filed Jan. 17, 19.29 vrsheets-sheet 4 Feb.v 24, 1931.l

Filed Jan. 17, 1929 7 sheets-sheet 5 a; dumm Feb. 24, 1931. G. H. PERKINS ET AL 1,794317 MACHINE FOR SPREADING BITUMINOUS MIXTURES Filled Jan. 17, 1929 7 sheets-sheet 7 .Patented Feb. ,24,- 1951v UNITED STAT-Es PATENT oFFlcE.

GECRGE HOWARD PERKINS, or CAMBRIDGE,v MASSACHUSETTS; AND ROBERTr C. SHOE- MAIIER, or PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, AssIGNoRs To` WARREN BROTHERS COMPANY, or CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS, A CORPORATION or WEST VIRGINIA MACHINE ECR SPREADING BITuMINoUS MIXTURES Application led Januaryl 17, 19x29. Serial No. 388,066.l

This invention relates to movable ma, chines for carrying, ldepositing and d1str1b- -uting bodies or mixtures of bituminous coated particles upon surfaces intended to receive the compound.

An object of this-invention is to produce amachine `comprising parts .of special construction and arrangement which will spread a coherent mixture of ladhesive bitumen coated particlesin a layer'of any desired depth and of any required consistency with respect to lthe denseness or looseness of the component coated particles of the layer.

Another object of this invention is to promoved or driven at a predetermined rate-o speed lover the receiving Surface, and continuously d'e- A .positing relatively separated portions ofthe mixture/stated, inthe form of a' shower of particles.

l Another object of this invention is to construct a machine which may be propelled at a given rate over the'surface, and Whichmay be caused to deposit the particles at a certain chosenrate independent ofl the movement of -the machine as a whole. In other words the progressive movement of the machine may be conducted at one velocity of movement,

and -the depositing of the particles may be varied with regard to such movement. It

is held to be within the purview of this invention to equip themachine-with a driving motor for operating independently the translatory features involved in bearing the entire body of the mixture from point to point,

and the disintegrating,-distributing and detobind the particles together aftervthe mixositing devices, orto actuate those devices Ey suitable connections with revolving members rotating'when the machine is pushed or drawn along by hand.

According to the present practice bitumi? nous mixtures used to lay the wearin surfaces of sidewalks, roadways or the -li e, or

stone or sand coated with bituminous cement. As the function of the bituminous cement is ture` has been spread and compacted, 'naturally it must be both cohesive and adhesive.

Consequently if such a mixture is subjected l to even slight pressure it becomes coherent,

due to the adhesion of the bituminous coated such alayer is compacted by the-customary A means of passing a heavy roller over its surface, the resulting compacted layer is not equally the same in compactness at all parts, but is more dense in some spots than in others.

. In the past, the ordinary method has been ,to convey such a bituminous mixture from point of preparation, in ysuitablevehicles, to the point of use and there to deposit and' spread it ina layerof approximately the depth desiredv by means of shovels and rakes operated by hand, or by some form of spreading machine. Thereafter the layer is com- .pressed by means of a roller, and in places inaccessible to the roller by hand .t'amps or equivalent appliances. When the mixture is spread by hand with shovelsand Takes, the object of the raking is to comb the bitumif* nous mixture` thoroughly with the t'ines of the rakes so. that the resulting layer will be not'only of uniform contourwith its surface at the desired level at all points, but also t6 leave it in astate of uniform compactness or of uniform looseness throughout its entirel depth and superficial area. In many cases,

however, it is impossible tothus overcome with raking` the differences in compactness at all points, caused by the original deposition of the mixture in shovelfuls of various amountsstriking the foundation at unequal velocities due to peculiarities in handling by particular individuals. It' isbelieved obviousthat a shovelful of the coherent and adherent mixture dropped in a single lump from the heightof a foot or more will be thereby compacted toga greater degree than an equalv depth of the same mixture which has been cast horizontally'into place in the By reason of this form of several superimposed thin layers of the material.

Substantially all of the mechanical spreaders used for this purpose up to the present date, operate upon the principle of depositing the mixture upon the foundation in piles or'in long windrows in front of a screed or template held at a definite height above the foundation, so that when the screed moves Aforward it' will push the top of the pile of mixture correspondingly, leaving behind the screed of template a layer of mixture of the desired depth and of uniform contour. This scraping action of the screed, how-ever, does not to a sufficient extent equalize the variation of compaction existing in various parts of the pile or piles of mixture as originally deposited in front of the screed or template.

In' some instances the-screed' is given avshort slight extent. But the width of the face of the wheels of the roller is greater than the` usual width of the spots where the mixture was deposited with little or no compaction, and as the compression by the roller continues the weight of the ,roller is carried more and more by adjacent spots which were compacted to a greater degree at the time of deposit, and when those spots have been ,com-V pressed to the fullestmeasure of which they are capable, they are sufficiently stable to support the weight of the roller without further Adiminution of their thickness, so that it is impossible for the roller to deliver any further compaction to the less compacted spots, and while it is obvious that every portion of such a layer` of bituminous mixtu're is of greater compactnessafter having been rolled than before, yet if the layer was non-uniform in compactness before rolling .it will still be non-uniform in compactness after rolling. Possibly the difference in relative degrees of compactness of adjacent portions may be less than existed before rolling. But 'still' there would beY as many portions ofthe layer not compacted to the degree to which they are susceptible, and such portions remain relatively porous and permeable to water,the re by aiecting the durability of such a mixture lwhen used for waterproing pur oses.

If, immediately after completion, a street or roadway, paved with bituminous surface,

applied in the manner just above set out, is

subjected to traiic such partly` compacted portions will be friable and will abrade rap# idly in cold dry weather or even more rapidly if the weather is wet as well as cold, due to the absorption of water. If the weather is hot and dry such spots will compact to a lesser depth under the kneadingiaction of passing vehicle Wheels which are naturally narrower than those of the roller.`" It is believed to be clear, therefore, that even-:though the 'bituminous surface may have beenof true and even contourat the time rolling was completed, it will soon develop irregularities of contour, by reason eitherof abrasion or additional compaction by the traiiicl Another object of this invention is to produce a machine of the embodiment herein dc-.

scribed which can be made small enough and balanced well enough to be manipulated by one man. In that connection it will be fur.V

ther understood that the laying of tracks or any other extraneousmeans for supporting the machine is not necessary.

In a co-pending application for Letters Patent ofthe United States Serial Number 326,863, filed on or about the 18th day of December, 1928, by George Howard Perkins I' l one of the joint applicants for patent upon this present invention, is described and claimed the method of depositing such bituminous mixture in the form of a shower of individual coated particles, or relativel small pellets composed of a number of suc 1 bituminous coated fine particles.

The-machine comprisingithis invention and the construction and arrangement of the partsthereof are illustrated -in the accom-v panying drawings.

Figure 1 of the drawings represents a side View showing all parts assembled.

Figure 2 is a top view vof 4the parts as set out in Figure l.

Figure 3 is la rear View of the parts as shown in Figure 1.

Figure 4 is a view partly in section and partly in elevationon the plane of the line A -A of Figure 1 and .shows the spring blades of which the gate is composed,` an

illustrates the position of the gate and the means of operating the gate to adjustit with respectto the disintegrator belt, the details of which are also set forth in this figure.

Figure 5 represents a side view of theparts illustrated in Figure 4, showing method of adjusting the gate andshowing position of the sprocket wheels for .driving the disintegrator belt; the position of thebelt being also I shown vin dotted lines.

Figure 6 is a detail front viewof one of the studded or castellated angle irons of which i' the disintegrator belt is constructed.

Figure 7 is a fragmentary side view of one of the chains carrying the .angleirons of the disintegrator belt.

. Fi re 8 is a vertical section through the housmg of the differential and change gears.

The differential serves the same purpose as than what could be obtained with the use of the variable friction, drive alone. This variable friction drive mechanism is also shown by the section of Figure 8.

Figure 9 is avertical section of the w 'm housings illustrated in Figure 8, this section being taken in a plane at right angles to the plane of the section shown in Figure 8.:

In Figures 4, 5, 6,. 7, 8 and 9 the scale of drawing has'been increased to render the illustrations of all related parts more clearly7 discernible.

Throughout the drawings and description the same-number is used to refer to the same part.

Considering the drawings the frame of the machine consists of upper members 1 and 2 and lower members 3 and 4, joined together by the transverse members 5 and 6, with horizontally inclined bracing members 7, 8, and a middle member 9 upwardly and forwardly inclined to connect the lower frame members and a transverse member 10 which extends across the upper frame membersat the front of the machine. Itis held to be within the purview of this invention to construct t-he frame as such of any member, form, size and arrangement of members found suitable for the end desired.

A gasoline motor 11 is supported by its crank case 12 upon transverse members 13 and 14y on the lower frame members, and a gasoline tank 15 and oil tank 16 which are usually carried as shown in Figures 1 and 2 upon the transverse" members joining the upper frame'members. The motor 11 has its crank shaft 17 extending out both sides, being supported at theextremities by outboard bearings 18 and 19. The impeller clutch 20, of any selected description, the extra flywheel21and 'sprocket 23 are` all mounted on one end of the crank shaft, and sprocket 24, referred to below, 4is mounted on the other end of the crank shaft. AThese are particularities of machine construction that may obviously be varied in accordance F with the views of different makers. In Figure 2 it will be noticed that the drive sprocket 23 atthe outer end of the crank shaft 17 is arranged outwardly or beyond'theimpeller clutch 20 on said shaft. Therefore, the sprocket-23 may be connected and disconnected with the shaft 17 by operating the clutch 20.v From thesprocket 23 a chain *39' leads to a driving sprocket 40 on the outer end of a transverse shaft 41 carried 1in been.' l

.ingssuchas the bearings 42 arranged below.

.the llower frame member and supported thereby, as shown-in Fi re 4. VOn the shaft 41 are fixed a number` o sprockets-41-a, one

only being shown by Figure 4, their locations being set out inFigure 6. Therel are-usul ally xthree of these sprockets spaced apart so vas to give equal load to each of the three and are usually disposed in sucha manner.

that the lugs will be. instaggered relation.

It will 'be understood that the chains 43, 44

and 45 are continuous and arejcarried by suitable sprocket wheels 41- a and 41-b on parallel transverse shafts 41 and 47.- The shaft 41 is driven from the Aengine by'chain 39, as explained above. Shaft 47 is free to turn as it is pulled by chains 43, 44, and

45 which are parts of the impeller. As cus-v .tomarily constructed, the bearings 51 and 42 for the shafts'41 and 47 are carried on plates 53 attached outwardly to the lower frame members as illustrated in Figures 4 and5. Bearings 51 and 42 are provided with slots 55'and screws 56, such as shown yin Figure 5, inorder that any slack yin the drive vchain 39 or the belt chains 43, 44, and 45 mayl be taken up. This invention is in no sense restricted to the .particular means illustrated for v.supporting and adjusting the transverse shafts 41 and 47.

. Sprocket 24 on the crank shaft 17 drives the sprocket 30 of lthe transmission unit through the chain 25 which is carried over main wheel spindle 27 byidler sprocket 26.

The broad tired wheelof spindle 27 is numbered 28 and its fellow i'snumbered 29.

Asbest shown in Figures 3, 4 and 5', each end 33 of the hopper 31 isan integral part of the frame forming a web which connects the upper frame member .1 or 2 with the lower frame member 3 or 4. Each web also carries a spindle 27 or 34 and is reinforced by upright members 32. It will beobserved in Figure 3 that the-top part of the hopper projectsinside and'below the broad' tires -of wheels 28 and 29 to protect thel mechanism from spilled material. A

In 'Figures '1 and 2 there will be observed at the'fron of the machine a steering tiller 35, which is connected with the vertical revoluble shaft o r 'stem 36 of a fork support 37 that straddles the steering Wheel 38 by which thel machine maybe guided in any desired f direction. A

In Figure 4, at the sides of the hopperv31 upon the lower frame members will be noted shaft-.59 having a crank arm .H9-n, at one end the bearings 57 and 58 carrying-atransverse side on the shaft are the depending ated spring bladesmay be moved towards or away from the forward turn of the disintegrator belt as described as the belt runs over its forward sprockets 41a. In Figure 5 there is shown the operati-ng rod 61 pivotally aton a vertical shaft 78 and in engagement tached to the crank arm 59a', and leading to the forward portion ofthe machine. The rod. may be workedlongitudinally by the lever 62 shown in Figure 1,to locate the gate at any desired distance from the forward turn of the disintegrator belt, the lever 62 may be arranged adjacentto .a toothed arc 63 and equipped with a-hand operated detent device 64 all of common construction and action.v

As best illustrated in Figures 1 and 3, the

main wheels 28 and 29 are provided on the inside, attached to the hubs .of the wheels,

with the large sprocket wheels 65 and 66, about which and engaged therewith are the chains 67 and 68 leading to and engaging the smaller sprocket wheels 69 and 70 best shown in Figure 8 which can be detachably secured to the ends of the transverse, diilerentialdriveshaft 71 and 71a. The shafts 71 and- 71a carry the mating gears 150 of a small automobile differential assemblyof vwhich worm' wheel 72is the rin gear. These mating gears are differential y driven by the spider gears 151 which are carried by thev spider 152 which in turn is made to rotate in a plane perpendicular to shafts 71 and 71a-by the worm ring gear to which' the spider is atf tached. Y

`Worm ring gear 72 meshes with a worm 7 3 (Fig. 9) on a vertical shaft 74 of the transmission assembly. The vertical shaft 74 carries the relatively larger gear wheel 75 at the lower end and asmaller gear 76 at the upper end next to the journals of the shaft. The smaller gear 76 is shown in mesh with a larger gear 77 which may be shifted up and don a longitudinal spline 79 on the shaft. The larger gear 77 has a grooved collar 80also 1n engagement with the spline, andas best set out in Figure 8 an operating fork 81 carried by the suitably supported reciprocating shift rod 82 engages the grooved collar.A If the rod 82 is moved up and down the gear 7 7 will be engaged and` disengaged with the -small gear 76 on the worm-carrying shaft 74. When the gear 77 is disengaged by bemg moved downwardly, a smaller gear 83 also splined on the shaft 78 and movable up anddown thereon, will be alternately broughtinto and 'outof engagement with the .relatively larger gear wheel 7 5 at the low er end of the vertical shaft 74 ofthe transmission mechanism. To move the smaller gear up and down and to effect its engagement and disengagement as stated, a'pair of jaws 84 and i 85 are .arranged one above and one below the gear 83. The jaws have a' common hub or sleeve 86fixed on the shift rod 82. The arrangement of the parts o f the ltransmission assembly as illustrated is. set for the higher sembly just described is customarily protected by a suitable case or housing 87.

The variable friction drive members now to be described are usually enclosed in acompartinent 88 mounted upon the housing 87. A horizontally revoluble friction disc 89 is secured within the-compartment- 88 to the upper end ofthe splined vertical shaft 78.

The splined' shaft is movable up and down by means of a cam 9() pivotally mounted below the housing 87, and operated by means of the rod 91.1eadingthrough various cranks and push rods to the forward portion of the machine frame and controlled by lthe lever 91a shown in Figure 2. If the cam is turned so as to raise the splinel shaft 78, the gears 77 and 83 thereon are not displaced, but the friction disk or wheel 89 in the compartment 88 isforcedupwardly into contact with the .vertical friction wheel 92 on the shaft 93 having the longitudinal spline' 94 and arranged transversely through the compartment88 and revoluble in the bearings and'96 shown exteriorly on the'walls of the compartment iniFigure 8. The shaft 98 carries a starter pulley 97, about which a-cord may be Wound to start the motor Vwhen desired, and usually at its outer end the shaft 93 has fixed the sprocket 80 driven by the chain 25 from the sprocket wheel 24 on the motor shaft 17 as previously described. It may be stated here that that if the splined vertical'shaft 78 be not raised bythe cam, rod and lever provided for th purpose, thefriction disc 8,9 and wheel 92 are'not brought into contact and themachine is not moved as a whole in any direction. The vertical friction wheel 92 on shaft 93 has its hub in engagement with the-spline 94 of that shaft,`so that while .the disk may be revolved bythe shaft, it can be at the same time moved along the length of the shaft. The members provided formoving the wheel lengthwise on the shaft 93 comprise two screw vrods 98 and 99 arranged parallel -with each other, one near'the top and one near the i bottom of the compartment 88, the ends of the screw rods {being journaled in the walls of the compartment. Within the compartment) the screw rods are provided with. small 5 sprocket wheels 100 and 101 connected by the chain 102, and thereby caused to revolve in synchronism. On the rods and engagingthe screw threads are the cylindrical Vnuts 103 and 104, and -a bar plate 105 connects. the -nuts and has a slot and groove connection with a collar 107 forming a part of the center z or hub of the vertical friction wheel 92.

i Therefore, as thecylindrical nuts103 and 104 similar speeds, but when the wheel 92.

` approaches the center of the horizontal disk 89 the' latter is revolved at higher speed and '25 'transmits that speed to 'the differential.. gear 72by way of the assembly within rin vertical splinedsha v78 and gearing mentiond.` The uppermost screw rod 98 pro-4 jects somewhat without the compartment 885 and has fixed thereon a small 4sprocket wheel 108. A chain- 109 connects the sprocket 108 with alike .sprocket wheel 110 on the transverse shaft 111 revoluble in suitable bearings atthe forward partof-the machine and which Figure 2.' AIt will be noted in this figure that the shaft 111 has its middleportion pro-` 4. vided with screw threads 114,'anda traveller block 115 engages the threadsf-.It will be understood thatthe shaft passes througl-1-the blqk, and the threaded. middle portion of thfshaft engages a correspondingly threaded 'edge of the transverse member.`10 vpreviously 'mentioned -Th'e engagement of the groove 5o and themember 10 prevents the block from.

turning, and when theshaft 111 is revolved `by either crank 112 or 113 theblock may b e caused to travel on the shaft in thedirection desired. In Figure 2 will likewise be h- 55, served"a scale 117, and as the block moves along the shaft the leading corner of the block is moved along the scale. It is held to be within the-'scope of this invention to provide the blockL with' a pointer` or indicating mark at any suitable place, and to` correlate the pointer and scale for the purpose intended,whi ch is to enable the operator at the front i about 900 R.

' of the machi e to tell the position ofthe vertical frietionwheel 92 with respect to the -horizontal friction diskSQ.` When the travel` thefconnecting rod 91 leading -to the cam -which raises and lowers the vertical spline vertical wheel 92 is given movement in like' may be turned by. hand cranks 112 and' 113" at either end-ofthe shaft. The shaft 111` vand attached members are best shown in' hand lever ler block 115 is in the mi le position on the shaft 111', as it appears in Figure 2, it is directly in the path of the movement of the-v lever 91a mentioned as the operating lever for 90 shaft 78 tofengage and disengage the friction disks. The middle position o f the block 115 on the screw shaft 111 is arranged to be assumed when the vertical friction wheel 92 is nearestthe center of the horizontal disk-89 and the driven parts would be driven by the motorconnection most rapidly.' It is not desirablethat the two friction disks shall be placedin contact at this time, `as a disarrange- `ment of the mechanism might result. There# fore,- it is necessary to move the-traveller.

fore the lever can be thrown, and when theA block-has been thus moved the friction wheel 92 is positioned to drive on'adisc radius great jdisintegrator belt clutch. Asy indicated in Figures 1 and 9 this shifting is accomplished block out of the way of the lever 91a: be-

by 'means of the elbow lever arm 118 pivotally mounted below the housing v87 .and connected by the rod 119 leading tothe'h'and` lever 120 carried by the upper rame member at the front of vthe machine in convenient reach of the operator.

The impeller clutch' 20 mentioned asi located 'on the motor vshaft 17, whereby thej sprocket wheel 23 is eonnected and disc0n' A nected with the motor shaft, is operated by means, of a rod 121 leading to the front portion of the machine frame and controlled by a 122 mounted usually in the position shown in Figure 2. When the clutch 20 is connected the chain 39 about the sprocket 23 drives the sprocket 40and the disintegratorfbeltcomposedof the chains 43, 44 and 45, f l'" 'll1 e block 115 has a rear side providedwith Va'. groove 116 and the groove engages the. front-` also the series of studded orlugbearing irons 46 -secured to said chainsde correspondingly invention 1n respect to the objects desired to be attained, the lfollowing may be ygiven re gardingthe customary use ofthe machine. --Changing the s belt. or impeller,- a ters the discharge ofthe machine to a certain' extent, but the limits of practical variation'are not far enough apart speed increases above the stated velocity eed of the disintegrator les 2l/2 inch sprockets at the forward'turn of the impeller. As the there does not seem to be enough time for the disintegrator belt to `load properly. On the other hand, as the speed falls beyow 900 R. P. M. the centrifugal-force is cut down and the beltbecomes clogged with material.

With reference to openingthe gate comprised of the spring blades described, it is found to increase the discharge of the machine up to a certain point, but thereafter it was ascertained that this opening reduced the quality of the spreading, rendering the s read material less even and not as loose in c aracter as required forthe best results.

' Therefore, this consideration .discourages the use of thatmeans of regulating the'quan tityas the onl means of sodoing.

t is learnedy b experiment and trial of the machine, that c anges. in temperatureand make-up of the mixture to be spread have a that the speed of translation of the'machine as awhole has adirect and controllable effect on the number of pounds spread'to the unit of area of the receivi'n surfaceorfoundation. In view of the acts and results determined and set out above, it has been decided that the most effective modevof operation is to holdthe speed of the impeller or disintegrator belt at its most eicient velocity, and to maintain the spring gate closed into its most effective only the speed of trans ation of the machine `as a whole to counteract disadvantage due to different conditions and peculiarities of the mixtures, in order that the depositing of.

the material may-comply with various re quired thicknesses of the same.

With particular relation to locomotion or moving the machine as a whole over the ground it is learned from experience' that it is probably best to have a minimumspread-A -ing speed, that is to say, speed of locomotion of the machine as .a Whole, ofthree-fourths of a foot each second anda maximumtravel of two feet in each second. Asthe impeller belt requires about ten horsepower and locomotion only demands a maximum of four horsepower, it is found advantageous to drive thc belt direct from the engine, and

have a variable speed ratio between the engine or motor and the main wheels.' This variabley ratio can best be obtained withl a friction transmission of the general type shown inthe"drawings accompanying this application. The advantage ofthis form of power transmission is that it combines the features. and operation of. a clutch; speed.

. changingl device and reverse mechanism. It

may be ere noted that the highest spreadosition, and to lvary f mounted conveniently on ing speed stated above is two feet in each second That is the limit of speed'obtainable with the friction transmission alone. It will give ratios from one to one, to about one to three. To get a satisfactory speed of translation, for going to and from the loading pile, it is found necessary to introduce a set of change gears as set forth in the drawings. With the gears set for high speed, the

machine may be moved over the round at a maximum speed of approximate y'fourteen feet in each second, or any translatory speed below that; This movement would not be practicable without the change gears as set forth. The friction disk and wheel of the the torque low,.thereby permitting themto be comparatively small. To helpl reduce from this h igh. speed to the moderate speed of the main wheels, a worm and worm gear are employed the latter taking place of the ring gear usually found in small automobile differential assemblies, and as in the automobile it drives a set of spider gears 1 51v which in turn `drive the mating gear 150 and axles 71 'and 71a. This diii'erential unit is necessary to make it easy to guide the machine around corners.

Itis the practice in the operation of thisv invention, lto provide the engine with a governor of any suitable construction which will keep the motor omg at a constant no load speed of 1900 R. Ml and a constant full load speed of 1700-R. P. M. with-no manipulation on the part of the attendant. It isl also learned in the service of, this machine that anextra iywheel as illustrated in the drawings herewith is of advantage in starting operation. When the engine is idling as when the machine is being loaded or when transmissionare run at a high speed to keep the whole is to be moved from place to place the engine speed is controlled by the usual hand throttle and it is held to be within the .choice o f the applicant to introduce any `known valve construction for the purpose and to connect the same by suitable rod for 'cord means with an operating lever or handle the guiding jtiller already mentioned. i

What is'claim'ed is 1. Apparatus 'for spretui-ingbituminous mixtures consisting of .stone particles of which each is covered with bitumen, the same comprising a hopper for the reception of the mixture in bulk, and a disintegrator movable with respect to the hopper and disposed in contactwith the contents thereof, the disintegrator comprising a continuous series of closely related members defining troughs of a width suiicient to permit particles of the mixture to be received in them.

. 2. Apparatus for spreading bituminous wmixtures consisting of stone particles of which `each is covered with bitumen, the same comprlsing a hopper for the reception of the.

mixture in bulli, and a disintegrator movable transversely ot' the hopperl and disposed in Contact with the con-lents thereof, the disintegrator.comprising a continuous series ot' closely spaced transverse bars, and chains which the bars span and by which the latter are driven, the bars consisting of angles of which one flange is secured to 'the chains.

v 3. Apparatus for spreading bituminous mixtures consisting ot' stone particles ot which each is covered with bitumen, the same comprising a hopper t'or the reception ot the mix.ure in bulk, and a disintcgrator movable 'with respect to the hopper and disposed in contact with the contents thereof` the disintegrator comprising a seriesl of particle receiving troughs and means for scraping the particles from the bulk.

4. Apparatus for spreading bituminous` mixtures consisting ot' stone particles ot' which each is covered with bitumen, the same comprising a hopper for th'e reception of the mixture in bulk, and a' disintegrator movable transversely1 of the hopper and consti- -l tilting the' bottom thereof, the disintegraor comprising a series of power driven chains and angle bars spanning and having one iange secured to the chains, said angle bars being arranged in close relation to provide a relatively close spacing ot' the remaining ianges which are slotted to form lugs so that the latter may engage the lowermost surface of the mixture and reduce it to separated particles.

5. Apparatus for spreading bituminous mixtures consisting of stone 'particlesof which each is covered with bitumen, the same comprising a hopper for the reception of the mixture in bulk, a disintegrator movable with respect to the hopper and constituting the bottom thereof, the disintegrator comprising a continuous series ofparticle receiving troughs and means for scraping the vparticles from the bulk, and a detiecting member against which the saidtroughs.

6. Apparatus for spreading bituminous mixtures consisting of stone particles of which each is covered withbitumen, the same comprising a hopper for the reception of the mixture in bulk, a disintegrator movable transversely of the hopper and disposed in contact with the contents thereof, the disintegrator comprising a continuous series'l of closely related members having upstanding particlesrare thrown from mixtures consisting of stone particles of which each is covered with bitumen, the same comprising a hopper for the reception of the mixture in bulk, and a disintegrator movable transversely of the hopper and disposed in contact with the contents thereof, the disintegrator comprising a continuous series ot closely related members having upstanding projections which engage the surface of the mixture and receive between them the separaed particles which are discharged at-one side of thevhopper while in sepa- -rated condition, and a gate disposed at the discharge end. of the disintegrator for detiecting the particles downwardly, the gate being disposed at a considerable angle with respect to the plane of the disintegrator and comprising a series ot resilient fingers individually yieldable than the average. p l

8. Apparatus for spreading bituminous mixtures consisting of stone particles of which each is covered with bitumen, the same comprising a hopper for the reception of the mixture in bulk, and a disintegrator mov.- able transversely of the hopper and consti tuting the bottom thereof, the disintegrator comprising a series of power driven chains and transverse bars spanning andsecured to the chains and formed with spaced'upstanding projections of which those on one bar are staggered with respect to those on the succeeding bar, said projections engaging the lowermost surface of the mixture to reduce it to separated particles.

In testimony whereof we attix our signatures.

GEORGE HOWARD PERKINS. ROBERT O. SHOEMAKER.

projections which engage the surface of the mixture and receive between them the separated particles Which are discharged at one side of the hopper while in separated condition, and a gate disposed at the .discharge end of the disintegrator for' defiecting the particles downwardly, the gate being disposed at a considerable angle with respect to the plane of the disintegrator.

7. Apparatus for spreading bituminous to particles larger 

